' ***********************************************************************
' Author   : Elektro. 
'            Based on this 3rd party project: 
'            https://github.com/Zeokat/SNES-ROM-Header-Dumper-CSharp/blob/master/snes_dumper.cs
' Modified : 10-June-2015
' ***********************************************************************
' <copyright file="SnesRom.vb" company="Elektro Studios">
'     Copyright (c) Elektro Studios. All rights reserved.
' </copyright>
' ***********************************************************************
 
#Region " Usage Examples "
 
' CONTENIDO OMITIDO...
 
#End Region
 
#Region " Option Statements "
 
Option Strict On
Option Explicit On
Option Infer Off
 
#End Region
 
#Region " Imports "
 
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text
 
#End Region
 
Public NotInheritable Class SnesRom
 
#Region " Properties "
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Gets the raw byte-data of the ROM file.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <value>The raw byte-data of the ROM file.</value>
    Public ReadOnly Property RawData As Byte()
        Get
            Return Me.rawDataB
        End Get
    End Property
    ''' <summary>
    ''' (backing field) The raw byte-data of the ROM file.
    ''' </summary>
    Private ReadOnly rawDataB As Byte()
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Gets The ROM header type.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <remarks>http://romhack.wikia.com/wiki/SMC_header</remarks>
    ''' <value>The ROM header type.</value>
    Public ReadOnly Property HeaderType As HeaderTypeEnum
        Get
            Return Me.headerTypeB
        End Get
    End Property
    ''' <summary>
    ''' (backing field) The ROM header type.
    ''' </summary>
    Private headerTypeB As HeaderTypeEnum
 
    ''' <summary> 
    ''' Gets the SNES header address location.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <remarks>http://romhack.wikia.com/wiki/SNES_header</remarks>
    ''' <value>The SNES header address location.</value>
    Private ReadOnly Property HeaderLocation As Integer
        Get
            Return Me.headerLocationB
        End Get
    End Property
    ''' <summary>
    ''' (backing field) The SNES header address location.
    ''' </summary>
    Private headerLocationB As Integer = 33216
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Gets or sets the name of the ROM, typically in ASCII.
    ''' The name buffer consists in 21 characters.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <remarks>http://romhack.wikia.com/wiki/SNES_header</remarks>
    ''' <value>The name of the ROM.</value>
    Public Property Name As String
        Get
            Return Me.nameB
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As String)
            Me.SetName(value)
            Me.nameB = value
        End Set
    End Property
    ''' <summary>
    ''' (backing field) The name of the ROM.
    ''' </summary>
    Private nameB As String
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Gets the ROM layout.
    ''' The SNES ROM layout describes how the ROM banks appear in a ROM image and in the SNES address space. 
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <remarks>http://romhack.wikia.com/wiki/SNES_ROM_layout</remarks>
    ''' <value>The ROM layout.</value>
    Public ReadOnly Property Layout As Byte
        Get
            Return Me.layoutB
        End Get
    End Property
    ''' <summary>
    ''' (backing field) The ROM layout.
    ''' </summary>
    Private layoutB As Byte
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Gets the bank type.
    ''' An image contains only LoROM banks or only HiROM banks, not both. 
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <remarks>http://romhack.wikia.com/wiki/SNES_ROM_layout</remarks>
    ''' <value>The bank type.</value>
    Public ReadOnly Property BankType As BankTypeEnum
        Get
            Return Me.bankTypeB
        End Get
    End Property
    ''' <summary>
    ''' (backing field) The bank type.
    ''' </summary>
    Private bankTypeB As BankTypeEnum
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Gets the cartrifge type, it can be a ROM only, or a ROM with save-RAM.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <remarks>http://romhack.wikia.com/wiki/SNES_header</remarks>
    ''' <value>The cartridge type.</value>
    Public ReadOnly Property CartridgeType As CartridgeTypeEnum
        Get
            Return Me.cartridgeTypeB
        End Get
    End Property
    ''' <summary>
    ''' (backing field) The cartrifge type.
    ''' </summary>
    Private cartridgeTypeB As CartridgeTypeEnum
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Gets the ROM size byte.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <remarks>http://romhack.wikia.com/wiki/SNES_header</remarks>
    ''' <value>The ROM size byte.</value>
    Public ReadOnly Property RomSize As Byte
        Get
            Return Me.romSizeB
        End Get
    End Property
    ''' <summary>
    ''' (backing field) The ROM size byte.
    ''' </summary>
    Private romSizeB As Byte
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Gets the RAM size byte.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <remarks>http://romhack.wikia.com/wiki/SNES_header</remarks>
    ''' <value>The RAM size byte.</value>
    Public ReadOnly Property RamSize As Byte
        Get
            Return Me.ramSizeB
        End Get
    End Property
    ''' <summary>
    ''' (backing field) The ROM size byte.
    ''' </summary>
    Private ramSizeB As Byte
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Gets or sets the country data.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <remarks>http://romhack.wikia.com/wiki/SNES_header</remarks>
    ''' <value>The country data.</value>
    Public Property Country As CountryData
        Get
            Return New CountryData(Me.CountryCode)
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As CountryData)
            Me.SetByte(Me.startAddressCountryCode, value.Code)
            Me.CountryCode = value.Code
        End Set
    End Property
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' The country code. 
    ''' </summary>
    Private Property CountryCode As Byte
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Gets or sets the license code.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <remarks>http://romhack.wikia.com/wiki/SNES_header</remarks>
    ''' <value>The license code.</value>
    Public Property LicenseCode As Byte
        Get
            Return Me.licenseCodeB
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As Byte)
            Me.SetByte(Me.startAddressLicenseCode, value)
            Me.licenseCodeB = value
        End Set
    End Property
    ''' <summary>
    ''' (backing field) The license code.
    ''' </summary>
    Private licenseCodeB As Byte
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Gets or sets the version number.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <remarks>http://romhack.wikia.com/wiki/SNES_header</remarks>
    ''' <value>The version number.</value>
    Public Property VersionNumber As Byte
        Get
            Return Me.versionNumberB
        End Get
        Set(ByVal value As Byte)
            Me.SetByte(Me.startAddressVersionNumber, value)
            Me.versionNumberB = value
        End Set
    End Property
    ''' <summary>
    ''' (backing field) The version number.
    ''' </summary>
    Private versionNumberB As Byte
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Gets the checksum compliment.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <remarks>http://romhack.wikia.com/wiki/SNES_header</remarks>
    ''' <value>The checksum compliment.</value>
    Public ReadOnly Property ChecksumCompliment As UShort
        Get
            Return Me.checksumComplimentB
        End Get
    End Property
    ''' <summary>
    ''' (backing field) The checksum compliment.
    ''' </summary>
    Private checksumComplimentB As UShort
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Gets the checksum.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <remarks>http://romhack.wikia.com/wiki/SNES_header</remarks>
    ''' <value>The checksum.</value>
    Public ReadOnly Property Checksum As UShort
        Get
            Return Me.checksumB
        End Get
    End Property
    ''' <summary>
    ''' (backing field) The checksum.
    ''' </summary>
    Private checksumB As UShort
 
#End Region
 
#Region " Header Addresses "
 
    ' ********************************************************************************************************************
    ' NOTE:
    ' The reason for the variables that are commented-out is just because are unused, but could be helpful in the future.
    ' ********************************************************************************************************************
 
    ' ''' <summary>
    ' ''' The start address of a Lo-ROM header.
    ' ''' </summary>
    'Private ReadOnly loRomHeaderAddress As UShort = 32704
 
    ' ''' <summary>
    ' ''' The start address of a Hi-ROM header.
    ' ''' </summary>
    'Private ReadOnly hiRomHeaderAddress As UShort = 65472
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' The start address of the ROM name.
    ''' </summary>
    Private ReadOnly startAddressName As Integer = 0
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' The end address of the ROM name.
    ''' </summary>
    Private ReadOnly endAddressName As Integer = 20
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' The start address of the ROM layout.
    ''' </summary>
    Private ReadOnly startAddressLayout As Integer = 21
 
    ' ''' <summary>
    ' ''' The end address of the ROM layout.
    ' ''' </summary>
    'Private ReadOnly endAddressLayout As Integer = 21
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' The start address of the ROM cartridge type.
    ''' </summary>
    Private ReadOnly startAddressCartridgeType As Integer = 22
 
    ' ''' <summary>
    ' ''' The end address of the ROM cartridge type.
    ' ''' </summary>
    'Private ReadOnly endAddressCartridgeType As Integer = 22
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' The start address of the ROM size (rom).
    ''' </summary>
    Private ReadOnly startAddressRomSize As Integer = 23
 
    ' ''' <summary>
    ' ''' The end address of the ROM size (rom).
    ' ''' </summary>
    'Private ReadOnly endAddressRomSize As Integer = 23
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' The start address of the ROM size (ram).
    ''' </summary>
    Private ReadOnly startAddressRamSize As Integer = 24
 
    ' ''' <summary>
    ' ''' The end address of the ROM size (ram).
    ' ''' </summary>
    'Private ReadOnly endAddressRamSize As Integer = 24
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' The start address of the ROM country code.
    ''' </summary>
    Private ReadOnly startAddressCountryCode As Integer = 25
 
    ' ''' <summary>
    ' ''' The end address of the ROM country code.
    ' ''' </summary>
    'Private ReadOnly endAddressCountryCode As Integer = 25
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' The start address of the ROM license code.
    ''' </summary>
    Private ReadOnly startAddressLicenseCode As Integer = 26
 
    ' ''' <summary>
    ' ''' The end address of the ROM license code.
    ' ''' </summary>
    'Private ReadOnly endAddressLicenseCode As Integer = 26
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' The start address of the ROM Version Number.
    ''' </summary>
    Private ReadOnly startAddressVersionNumber As Integer = 27
 
    ' ''' <summary>
    ' ''' The end address of the ROM Version Number.
    ' ''' </summary>
    'Private ReadOnly endAddresVersionNumber As Integer = 27
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' The start address of the ROM checksum compliment.
    ''' </summary>
    Private ReadOnly startAddressChecksumCompliment As Integer = 28
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' The end address of the ROM checksum compliment.
    ''' </summary>
    Private ReadOnly endAddressChecksumCompliment As Integer = 29
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' The start address of the ROM checksum.
    ''' </summary>
    Private ReadOnly startAddressChecksum As Integer = 30
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' The end address of the ROM checksum.
    ''' </summary>
    Private ReadOnly endAddressChecksum As Integer = 31
 
#End Region
 
#Region " Enumerations "
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Specifies a SNES ROM header type.
    ''' A headered ROM has SMC header and SNES header.
    ''' A headerless ROM has no SMC header, but still contains a SNES header.
    ''' Note that both a LoRom and HiRom images can be headered, or headerless.
    ''' <remarks>http://romhack.wikia.com/wiki/SNES_header</remarks>
    ''' </summary>
    Public Enum HeaderTypeEnum As Integer
 
        ''' <summary>
        ''' A headered SNES ROM.
        ''' The ROM contains an SMC header, and also contains an SNES header.
        ''' </summary>
        Headered = 0
 
        ''' <summary>
        ''' A headerless SNES ROM.
        ''' The ROM does not contains an SMC header, but contains an SNES header.
        ''' </summary>
        Headerless = 1
 
    End Enum
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Specifies a SNES ROM bank type.
    ''' <remarks>http://romhack.wikia.com/wiki/SNES_ROM_layout</remarks>
    ''' </summary>
    Public Enum BankTypeEnum As UShort
 
        ''' <summary>
        ''' A LoROM maps each ROM bank into the upper half (being addresses $8000 to $ffff) of each SNES bank, 
        ''' starting with SNES bank $00, and starting again with SNES bank $80.
        ''' </summary>
        LoRom = 32704US
 
        ''' <summary>
        ''' A HiROM maps each ROM bank into the whole (being addresses $0000 to $ffff) of each SNES bank, 
        ''' starting with SNES bank $40, and starting again with SNES bank $80. 
        ''' </summary>
        HiRom = 65472US
 
    End Enum
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Specifies a SNES ROM cartridge type.
    ''' <remarks>http://romhack.wikia.com/wiki/SNES_ROM_layout</remarks>
    ''' </summary>
    Public Enum CartridgeTypeEnum As Byte
 
        ''' <summary>
        ''' A ROM without save-RAM.
        ''' </summary>
        NoSram0 = 0
 
        ''' <summary>
        ''' A ROM without save-RAM.
        ''' <remarks>I didn't fully verified this value...</remarks>
        ''' </summary>
        NoSram1 = 1
 
        ''' <summary>
        ''' A ROM with save-RAM. 
        ''' </summary>
        Sram = 2
 
    End Enum
 
#End Region
 
#Region " Exceptions "
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Exception that is thrown when a SNES ROM has an invalid format.
    ''' </summary>
    <Serializable>
    Public NotInheritable Class InvalidRomFormatException : Inherits Exception
 
        ''' <summary>
        ''' Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="InvalidROMFormatException"/> class.
        ''' </summary>
        Public Sub New()
            MyBase.New("The SNES ROM image has an invalid format.")
        End Sub
 
        ''' <summary>
        ''' Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="InvalidROMFormatException"/> class.
        ''' </summary>
        ''' <param name="message">The message that describes the error.</param>
        Public Sub New(ByVal message As String)
            MyBase.New(message)
        End Sub
 
        ''' <summary>
        ''' Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="InvalidROMFormatException"/> class.
        ''' </summary>
        ''' <param name="message">The message that describes the error.</param>
        ''' <param name="inner">The inner exception.</param>
        Public Sub New(ByVal message As String, ByVal inner As Exception)
            MyBase.New(message, inner)
        End Sub
 
    End Class
 
#End Region
 
#Region " Types "
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Defines a SNES ROM country.
    ''' </summary>
    <Serializable>
    Public NotInheritable Class CountryData
 
#Region " Properties "
 
        ''' <summary>
        ''' Gets the region, which can de PAL or NTSC.
        ''' </summary>
        ''' <remarks>http://romhack.wikia.com/wiki/SNES_header</remarks>
        ''' <value>The country code.</value>
        Public ReadOnly Property Region As RegionTypeEnum
            Get
                Return Me.regionB
            End Get
        End Property
        ''' <summary>
        ''' (backing field) The region, which can de PAL or NTSC. 
        ''' </summary>
        Private ReadOnly regionB As RegionTypeEnum
 
        ''' <summary>
        ''' Gets the country code.
        ''' </summary>
        ''' <value>The country code.</value>
        Public ReadOnly Property Code As Byte
            Get
                Return Me.codeB
            End Get
        End Property
        ''' <summary>
        ''' (backing field) The country code.
        ''' </summary>
        Private ReadOnly codeB As Byte
 
        ''' <summary>
        ''' Gets the country name.
        ''' </summary>
        ''' <value>The country name.</value>
        Public ReadOnly Property Name As String
            Get
                Return Me.nameB
            End Get
        End Property
        ''' <summary>
        ''' (backing field) The country name.
        ''' </summary>
        Private ReadOnly nameB As String
 
#End Region
 
#Region " Enumerations "
 
        ''' <summary>
        ''' Specifies a SNES ROM region type.
        ''' <remarks>http://romhack.wikia.com/wiki/SNES_header</remarks>
        ''' </summary>
        Public Enum RegionTypeEnum As Integer
 
            ''' <summary>
            ''' A PAL SNES ROM.
            ''' </summary>
            Pal = 0
 
            ''' <summary>
            ''' An NTSC SNES ROM.
            ''' </summary>
            Ntsc = 1
 
        End Enum
 
#End Region
 
#Region " Countries "
 
        ''' <summary>
        ''' The known ROM countries, based on country code from 0 to 13, so countrycode 0 = Japan, countrycode 1 = United States, and so on...
        ''' Unknown country codes are just unknown.
        ''' </summary>
        Private ReadOnly countryDict As New Dictionary(Of Integer, String) From
            {
                {0, "Japan"},
                {1, "United States"},
                {2, "Unknown"},
                {3, "Unknown"},
                {4, "Unknown"},
                {5, "Unknown"},
                {6, "Unknown"},
                {7, "Unknown"},
                {8, "Spain"},
                {9, "Unknown"},
                {10, "Unknown"},
                {11, "Unknown"},
                {12, "Unknown"},
                {13, "Unknown"}
            }
 
#End Region
 
#Region " Regions "
 
        ''' <summary>
        ''' The country codes for NTSC region.
        ''' <remarks>http://romhack.wikia.com/wiki/SMC_header</remarks>
        ''' </summary>
        Private ReadOnly ntscRegionCodes As Integer() =
            {0, 1, 13}
 
        ''' <summary>
        ''' The country codes for PAL region.
        ''' <remarks>http://romhack.wikia.com/wiki/SMC_header</remarks>
        ''' </summary>
        Private ReadOnly palRegionCodes As Integer() =
            {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}
 
#End Region
 
#Region " Constructors "
 
        ''' <summary>
        ''' Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="CountryData"/> class.
        ''' </summary>
        ''' <param name="countryCode">The SNES ROM country code.</param>
        ''' <exception cref="ArgumentException">Invalid country code.;countryCode</exception>
        Public Sub New(ByVal countryCode As Byte)
 
            If Not (Me.ntscRegionCodes.Concat(Me.palRegionCodes)).Contains(countryCode) Then
                Throw New ArgumentException(message:="Invalid country code.", paramName:="countryCode")
 
            Else
                Me.codeB = countryCode
                Me.nameB = Me.countryDict(countryCode)
 
                ' Determine region.
                If Me.ntscRegionCodes.Contains(countryCode) Then
                    Me.regionB = RegionTypeEnum.Ntsc
 
                ElseIf Me.palRegionCodes.Contains(countryCode) Then
                    Me.regionB = RegionTypeEnum.Pal
 
                End If
 
            End If
 
        End Sub
 
        ''' <summary>
        ''' Prevents a default instance of the <see cref="CountryData"/> class from being created.
        ''' </summary>
        Private Sub New()
        End Sub
 
#End Region
 
    End Class
 
#End Region
 
#Region " Constructors "
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Prevents a default instance of the <see cref="SnesRom"/> class from being created.
    ''' </summary>
    Private Sub New()
    End Sub
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="SnesRom"/> class.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <param name="romFilePath">The SNES ROM file path.</param>
    Public Sub New(ByVal romFilePath As String)
 
        Me.New(File.ReadAllBytes(romFilePath))
 
    End Sub
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="SnesRom"/> class.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <param name="romData">The raw byte-data of the ROM file.</param>
    Public Sub New(ByVal romData As Byte())
 
        Me.rawDataB = romData
 
        Me.VerifyRomFormat()
        Me.VerifyBankType()
        Me.ReadHeader()
 
    End Sub
 
#End Region
 
#Region " Private Methods "
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Reads the ROM header to retrieve the header data.
    ''' </summary>
    Private Sub ReadHeader()
 
        ' Read range of bytes.
        Me.nameB = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(Me.GetBytes(Me.startAddressName, Me.endAddressName)).Trim
 
        ' Read single bytes.
        Me.layoutB = Me.GetByte(Me.startAddressLayout)
        Me.cartridgeTypeB = DirectCast(Me.GetByte(Me.startAddressCartridgeType), CartridgeTypeEnum)
        Me.romSizeB = Me.GetByte(Me.startAddressRomSize)
        Me.ramSizeB = Me.GetByte(Me.startAddressRamSize)
        Me.CountryCode = Me.GetByte(Me.startAddressCountryCode)
        Me.LicenseCode = Me.GetByte(Me.startAddressLicenseCode)
        Me.VersionNumber = Me.GetByte(Me.startAddressVersionNumber)
 
    End Sub
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Verifies the SNES ROM format.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <exception cref="SnesRom.InvalidRomFormatException">The SNES ROM image has an invalid format.</exception>
    Private Sub VerifyRomFormat()
 
        If (Me.rawDataB.Length Mod 1024 = 512) Then
            Me.headerTypeB = HeaderTypeEnum.Headered
 
        ElseIf (Me.rawDataB.Length Mod 1024 = 0) Then
            Me.headerTypeB = HeaderTypeEnum.Headerless
 
        Else
            Throw New InvalidRomFormatException(message:="The SNES ROM image has an invalid format.")
 
        End If
 
    End Sub
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Verifies the SNES ROM bank type.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <exception cref="Exception">Cannot recognize the bank type.</exception>
    Private Sub VerifyBankType()
 
        If Me.HeaderIsAt(BankTypeEnum.LoRom) Then
            Me.bankTypeB = BankTypeEnum.LoRom
 
        ElseIf Me.HeaderIsAt(BankTypeEnum.HiRom) Then
            Me.bankTypeB = BankTypeEnum.HiRom
 
        Else
            Throw New Exception(message:="Cannot recognize the bank type.")
 
        End If
 
    End Sub
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Verifies the checksum.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <remarks>
    ''' Offset 0x07FC0 in a headerless LoROM image (LoROM rom sin smc header)
    ''' Offset 0x0FFC0 in a headerless HiROM image (HiROM rom sin smc header)
    ''' </remarks>
    ''' <returns><c>true</c> if checksum is ok, <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
    Private Function VerifyChecksum() As Boolean
 
        If Me.HeaderType = HeaderTypeEnum.Headered Then
            Me.headerLocationB += 512
        End If
 
        Me.checksumComplimentB = BitConverter.ToUInt16(Me.GetBytes(Me.startAddressChecksumCompliment, Me.endAddressChecksumCompliment), startIndex:=0)
 
        Me.checksumB = BitConverter.ToUInt16(Me.GetBytes(Me.startAddressChecksum, Me.endAddressChecksum), startIndex:=0)
 
        Return CUShort(Me.Checksum Xor Me.ChecksumCompliment).Equals(UShort.MaxValue)
 
    End Function
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Determines whether the ROM header is in the specified address.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <param name="address">The address.</param>
    ''' <returns><c>true</c> if the ROM header is in the specified address, <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
    Private Function HeaderIsAt(ByVal address As UShort) As Boolean
 
        Me.headerLocationB = address
        Return Me.VerifyChecksum()
 
    End Function
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Gets the specified byte from the raw byte-data.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <param name="address">The address.</param>
    ''' <returns>The specified byte from the raw byte-data.</returns>
    Private Function GetByte(ByVal address As Integer) As Byte
 
        Return Buffer.GetByte(array:=Me.RawData,
                              index:=Me.HeaderLocation + address)
 
    End Function
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Gets the specified range of bytes from the raw byte-data.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <param name="from">From address.</param>
    ''' <param name="to">To address.</param>
    ''' <returns>The specified bytes from the raw byte-data.</returns>
    Private Function GetBytes(ByVal from As Integer,
                              ByVal [to] As Integer) As Byte()
 
        Return Me.RawData.Skip(Me.HeaderLocation + from).Take(([to] - from) + 1).ToArray()
 
    End Function
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Replaces a single byte in the raw byte-data, with the specified data.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <param name="address">the address.</param>
    ''' <param name="data">The byte-data.</param>
    Private Sub SetByte(ByVal address As Integer,
                       ByVal data As Byte)
 
        Buffer.SetByte(array:=Me.rawDataB,
                       index:=Me.HeaderLocation + address,
                       value:=data)
 
    End Sub
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Replaces the specified range of bytes in the raw byte-data, with the specified data.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <param name="from">From address.</param>
    ''' <param name="to">To address.</param>
    ''' <param name="data">The byte-data.</param>
    ''' <exception cref="ArgumentException">The byte-length of the specified data differs from the byte-length to be replaced;data</exception>
    Private Sub SetBytes(ByVal from As Integer,
                        ByVal [to] As Integer,
                        ByVal data As Byte())
 
        If data.Length <> (([to] - from) + 1) Then
            Throw New ArgumentException("The byte-length of the specified data differs from the byte-length to be replaced.", "data")
 
        Else
            Buffer.BlockCopy(src:=data, srcOffset:=0,
                             dst:=Me.rawDataB, dstOffset:=Me.HeaderLocation + from,
                             count:=([to] - from) + 1)
 
        End If
 
    End Sub
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Sets the ROM name.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <param name="name">The ROM name.</param>
    ''' <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">name</exception>
    ''' <exception cref="ArgumentException">The name should contain 21 or less characters;name.</exception>
    Private Sub SetName(ByVal name As String)
 
        Dim fixedNameLength As Integer = (Me.endAddressName - Me.startAddressName) + 1
 
        If String.IsNullOrEmpty(name) Then
            Throw New ArgumentNullException(paramName:="name")
 
        ElseIf (name.Length > fixedNameLength) Then
            Throw New ArgumentException(message:="The name should contain 21 or less characters.", paramName:="name")
 
        Else
            ' fill with spaces up to 21 character length.
            name = name.PadRight(totalWidth:=fixedNameLength, paddingChar:=" "c)
 
            Me.SetBytes(Me.startAddressName, Me.endAddressName, Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(name))
 
        End If
 
    End Sub
 
#End Region
 
#Region " Public Methods "
 
    ''' <summary>
    ''' Save the ROM changes to the specified file path.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <param name="filePath">The ROM file path.</param>
    ''' <param name="replace">
    ''' If set to <c>true</c>, then replaces any existing file, 
    ''' otherwise, throws an <see cref="IOException"/> exception if file already exists.
    ''' </param>
    ''' <exception cref="IOException">The destination file already exists.</exception>
    Public Sub Save(ByVal filePath As String, ByVal replace As Boolean)
 
        If Not replace AndAlso File.Exists(filePath) Then
            Throw New IOException(message:="The destination file already exists.")
 
        Else
            Try
                File.WriteAllBytes(filePath, Me.rawDataB)
 
            Catch ex As Exception
                Throw
 
            End Try
 
        End If
 
    End Sub
 
#End Region
 
End Class

Dim romDump As New SnesRom("C:\ROM.smc")
' Or...
' Dim romDump As New SnesRom(File.ReadAllBytes("C:\ROM.smc"))
 
Dim sb As New StringBuilder
With sb
    .AppendLine(String.Format("Name...............: {0}", romDump.Name))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("Bank Type..........: {0}", romDump.BankType.ToString))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("Cartridge Type.....: {0}", romDump.CartridgeType.ToString.ToUpper))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("Checksum...........: {0}", romDump.Checksum.ToString))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("Checksum Compliment: {0}", romDump.ChecksumCompliment.ToString))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("Country Region.....: {0}", romDump.Country.Region.ToString.ToUpper))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("Country Code.......: {0}", romDump.Country.Code.ToString))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("Country Name.......: {0}", romDump.Country.Name))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("Header Type........: {0}", romDump.HeaderType.ToString))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("Layout.............: {0}", romDump.Layout.ToString))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("License Code.......: {0}", romDump.LicenseCode.ToString))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("RAM Size...........: {0}", romDump.RamSize.ToString))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("ROM Size...........: {0}", romDump.RomSize.ToString))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("Version Number.....: {0}", romDump.VersionNumber.ToString))
End With
 
Clipboard.SetText(sb.ToString) : MessageBox.Show(sb.ToString)

Name...............: THE LEGEND OF ZELDA
Bank Type..........: LoRom
Cartridge Type.....: SRAM
Checksum...........: 44813
Checksum Compliment: 20722
Country Region.....: NTSC
Country Code.......: 1
Country Name.......: United States
Header Type........: Headered
Layout.............: 32
License Code.......: 1
RAM Size...........: 3
ROM Size...........: 10
Version Number.....: 0

Dim romDump As New SnesRom("C:\ROM.smc")
' Or...
' Dim romDump As New SnesRom(File.ReadAllBytes("C:\Rom.smc"))
 
With romDump
    .Name = "Elektrozoider"
    .Country = New SnesRom.CountryData(countryCode:=8) ' Spain.
    .VersionNumber = CByte(3)
    .Save("C:\Hacked.smc", replace:=True)
End With

        Private ReadOnly countryDict As New Dictionary(Of Integer, String) From
            {
                {0, "Japan"},
                {1, "United States"},
                {2, "Unknown"},
                {3, "Unknown"},
                {4, "Unknown"},
                {5, "Unknown"},
                {6, "Unknown"},
                {7, "Unknown"},
                {8, "Spain"},
                {9, "Unknown"},
                {10, "Unknown"},
                {11, "Unknown"},
                {12, "Unknown"},
                {13, "Unknown"}
            }

        Private ReadOnly countryDict As New Dictionary(Of Integer, String) From {
                {0, "Japan"},
                {1, "United States"},
                {2, "Unknown"},
                {3, "Unknown"},
                {4, "Unknown"},
                {5, "Unknown"},
                {6, "Unknown"},
                {7, "Unknown"},
                {8, "Spain"},
                {9, "Unknown"},
                {10, "Unknown"},
                {11, "Unknown"},
                {12, "Unknown"},
                {13, "Unknown"}
            }

4.ToString("formato específico")

Dim romDump As New SnesRom("C:\ROM.smc")
' Or...
' Dim romDump As New SnesRom(File.ReadAllBytes("C:\ROM.smc"))
 
Dim sb As New StringBuilder
With sb
    .AppendLine(String.Format("Name..................: {0}", romDump.Name))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("Bank Type.............: {0}", romDump.BankType.ToString))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("Cartridge Type........: {0}", romDump.CartridgeType.ToString.ToUpper.Replace("_", "/")))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("Checksum..............: {0}", String.Format("0x{0}", Convert.ToString(CInt(romDump.Checksum), toBase:=16).ToUpper)))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("Checksum Complement...: {0}", String.Format("0x{0}", Convert.ToString(CInt(romDump.ChecksumComplement), toBase:=16).ToUpper)))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("Country Code..........: {0}", romDump.Country.Code.ToString))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("Country Name..........: {0}", romDump.Country.Name))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("Country Region........: {0}", romDump.Country.Region.ToString.ToUpper))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("Header Type (SMC).....: {0}", romDump.HeaderType.ToString))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("Layout................: {0}", romDump.Layout.ToString))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("License Code/Name.....: {0}", romDump.LicenseCode.ToString))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("ROM Size..............: {0} MBits", romDump.RomSize.ToString.Substring(1, romDump.RomSize.ToString.LastIndexOf("M") - 2)).Replace("_or_", "/"))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("RAM Size..............: {0} KBits", romDump.RamSize.ToString.Substring(1, romDump.RamSize.ToString.LastIndexOf("K") - 2)))
    .AppendLine(String.Format("Version Number........: 1.{0}", romDump.Version.ToString))
End With
 
Clipboard.SetText(sb.ToString) : MessageBox.Show(sb.ToString)

Name..................: SUPER MARIOWORLD
Bank Type.............: LoRom
Cartridge Type........: ROM/SRAM
Checksum..............: 0xA0DA
Checksum Complement...: 0x5F25
Country Code..........: 1
Country Name..........: United States
Country Region........: NTSC
Header Type (SMC).....: Headered
Layout................: 32
License Code/Name.....: Nintendo
ROM Size..............: 8 MBits
RAM Size..............: 16 KBits
Version Number........: 1.0

Dim romDump As New SnesRom("C:\ROM.smc")
' Or...
' Dim romDump As New SnesRom(File.ReadAllBytes("C:\ROM.smc"))
 
With romDump
    .Name = "Elektrocitos"
    .Version = 1
    .Country = New SnesRom.CountryData(countryCode:=0) ' Japan.
    .LicenseCode = SnesRom.LicenseCodeEnum.Taito
    .RomSize = SnesRom.ROMSizeEnum._4_Mbits
    .RamSize = SnesRom.SRAMSizeEnum._256_Kbits
    .Save("C:\Elektron.smc", replace:=True)
End With