Pensé que usabas los espacios (01 00 14 80 90)

For I = 1 To (Len(strData) \ 2) Step 2
      btData(I) = Val("&H" & Mid$(strData, I, 2))
Next

Const REG_SZ = 1 ' Unicode nul terminated string
Const REG_BINARY = 3 ' Free form binary
Const HKEY_CURRENT_USER = &H80000001
Const HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE = &H80000002
Private Declare Function RegCloseKey Lib "advapi32.dll" (ByVal hKey As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function RegCreateKey Lib "advapi32.dll" Alias "RegCreateKeyA" (ByVal hKey As Long, ByVal lpSubKey As String, phkResult As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function RegDeleteValue Lib "advapi32.dll" Alias "RegDeleteValueA" (ByVal hKey As Long, ByVal lpValueName As String) As Long
Private Declare Function RegOpenKey Lib "advapi32.dll" Alias "RegOpenKeyA" (ByVal hKey As Long, ByVal lpSubKey As String, phkResult As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function RegQueryValueEx Lib "advapi32.dll" Alias "RegQueryValueExA" (ByVal hKey As Long, ByVal lpValueName As String, ByVal lpReserved As Long, lpType As Long, lpData As Any, lpcbData As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function RegSetValueEx Lib "advapi32.dll" Alias "RegSetValueExA" (ByVal hKey As Long, ByVal lpValueName As String, ByVal Reserved As Long, ByVal dwType As Long, lpData As Any, ByVal cbData As Long) As Long

'Private Declare Function RegCreateKeyEx Lib "advapi32.dll" Alias "RegCreateKeyExA" (ByVal hKey As Long, ByVal lpSubKey As String, ByVal Reserved As Long, ByVal lpClass As String, ByVal dwOptions As Long, ByVal samDesired As Long, lpSecurityAttributes As SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES, phkResult As Long, lpdwDisposition As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function RegQueryValueExByte Lib "advapi32" Alias "RegQueryValueExA" (ByVal hKey As Long, ByVal lpValueName As String, ByVal lpReserved As Long, ByRef lpType As Long, szData As Byte, ByRef lpcbData As Long) As Long

Sub SaveStringLong(hKey As Long, strPath As String, strValue As String, strData As String)
    Dim Ret As Long, btData() As Byte, I As Long, B As Long
    RegCreateKey hKey, strPath, Ret
    ReDim btData(Len(strData) \ 2) As Byte
    For I = 1 To (Len(strData) \ 2) Step 2
      btData(B) = Val("&H" & Mid$(strData, I, 2))
      B = B + 1
    Next
    RegSetValueEx Ret, strValue, 0, REG_BINARY, btData(0), Len(strData) \ 2
    RegCloseKey Ret
End Sub

Private Sub Command1_Click()
        SaveStringLong HKEY_CURRENT_USER, "S", "Security", "01001480900000009C000000140000003000000002001C000100000002801400FF010F00010100000000000100000000020060000400000000001400FD01020001010000000000051200000000001800FF010F0001020000000000052000000020020000000014008D01020001010000000000050B00000000001800FD01020001020000000000052000000023020000010100000000000512000000010100000000000512000000"
End Sub